Trauma is a deep psychological stress caused by events that a person perceives as threatening to their life, safety, or emotional stability.

Traumatic events can be single incidents (such as an accident, an assault, or a natural disaster) or prolonged experiences (such as abuse, war, or complex family dynamics).

Types of Trauma

Acute Trauma – results from a single event (e.g., an accident, the loss of a loved one).

Chronic Trauma – caused by prolonged exposure to harmful conditions (e.g., abuse, ongoing stress).

Collective Trauma – experienced by a large group of people (e.g., war, pandemic, mass migration).

Secondary (or Vicarious) Trauma – affects those who help trauma survivors (e.g., first responders, medical workers, psychologists).

How Trauma Affects the Psyche

Trauma leaves a deep imprint on emotional, cognitive, and physical levels:

1. Emotional sphere:

• Persistent feelings of anxiety, fear, or hopelessness.

• Emotional numbness or detachment.

• Feelings of guilt, shame, or anger.

2. Cognitive sphere:

• Intrusive memories and flashbacks of the traumatic event.

• Difficulty concentrating or making decisions.

• Negative beliefs about oneself, others, and the world (e.g., “I am helpless,” “The world is dangerous”).

3. Physical state:

• Rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, sleep disturbances.

• Chronic fatigue, psychosomatic illnesses.

• Physical reactions to trauma-related triggers (such as smells or sounds).

Why Does Trauma Stay With Us?

The brain perceives a traumatic event as a life-threatening situation. During trauma, the “fight or flight” response is activated to help cope with the danger.

However, if the brain is unable to process the experience, it can become “stuck” in a state of stress. This may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chronic stress, or depression.

Can Trauma Be Overcome?

Yes — trauma can be treated, and many people find the strength to restore their mental well-being.

What can help:

• Professional support: working with a crisis counselor or trauma-informed therapist.

• Self-help techniques: breathing exercises, journaling, physical activity.

• Support from loved ones: talking to those who are willing to listen and offer care.

• Rehabilitation programs: joining support groups or specialized recovery workshops.

What's Important to Remember?

• Trauma is not a weakness, but a natural response to abnormal circumstances.

• The healing journey can be challenging, but recovery is possible — especially with professional support.

• Trauma does not define who you are — it can be worked through, and you can regain control over your life.

If you or your loved ones are experiencing the effects of trauma, don’t hesitate to seek help.

Emotional Silence as a Response to Traumatic Experiences

Explore the phenomenon of emotional silence following traumatic experiences. Discover how the psyche can freeze, leading to a lack of tears, pain, and words. Understand that emotions may not be gone, but rather taking a step back in the healing process.